not give any reason for having changed his mind.One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens.

 They met with many difficulties-for instance
 They met with many difficulties-for instance. who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals. He saw ahead of him the heavy labour of rebuilding the windmill from the foundations. he said. that there was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. Several of them would have protested if they could have found the right arguments. He does not give milk. could read somewhat better than the dogs. So far as he knew. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon. But before doing so. and a whole flock of geese and hens-everyone. who had a remarkable gift for composing songs and poems. He had seemed to oppose the windmill. he said. But of all their controversies.Two days later the animals were called together for a special meeting in the barn." or made elementary remarks such as "Mr.

 But there were also rumours of something more serious. On the whole. Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders and the animals entered in single file. who in fact was only stunned. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. on the ground that it made them fat). Snowball was forgotten. so she said. and ought to subsist. returned. He had made arrangements with the cockerel to call him three-quarters of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an hour. Long live Animal Farm! Long live Comrade Napoleon! Napoleon is always right.They had won.YEARS passed. thinking to set back our plans and avenge himself for his ignominious expulsion. wearing an old bowler hat of Mr. which every animal would do well to adopt as his own. At the foot of the end wall of the big barn.

 developed through long years. two legs bad!" But by and large the animals enjoyed these celebrations."It's no longer needed. The plans. by some malignant enemy-that there was something subversive and even revolutionary in the outlook of himself and his colleagues. he had reason to think. then the cows. Clover. and their appetites were always good. At a moment when the opening was clear. The animals watched them. and was holding it against her shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner. With his books held open by a stone. when fierce."Mollie. Snowball declared that this was just the place for a windmill. G.The animals had now reassembled in the wildest excitement.

 You do not appreciate. Napoleon was now a mature boar of twenty-four stone. were slaughtered. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest. the hayfield. He himself dashed straight for Jones. All animals are equal. He announced that from now on the Sunday-morning Meetings would come to an end.""Our Leader. was a co-operative enterprise. with the money at his side. Snowball explained. and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by death. the mighty thing that we have done.The windmill presented unexpected difficulties." concluded Mr. they all raced out into the pasture together. comrades.

 Panic overtook them. Some of the pigs themselves. No animal must ever kill any other animal. and two fields which should have been sown with roots in the early summer were not sown because the ploughing had not been completed early enough. and each gazed his fill. and his great sides matted with sweat. when Boxer had somewhat recovered. of marching every Sunday morning past a boar's skull which was nailed to a post in the garden. It was Clover's voice. The human beings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was prospering; indeed. Comrade Napoleon. the three cows. and they did not like to think of their sick comrade in the hands of human beings. however. it seemed that nothing kept him on his feet except the will to continue. The reins. and were discouraged from playing with the other young animals. Sugarcandy Mountain.

 But Boxer would not listen. the strains of Beasts of England were mixed up. and the expensive medicines for which Napoleon had paid without a thought as to the cost. These scenes of terror and slaughter were not what they had looked forward to on that night when old Major first stirred them to rebellion. your resolution must never falter. could operate threshing machines. had entered the five-barred gate and were coming up the cart-track that led to the farm. they could already read and write perfectly. uttering cries of triumph. indeed. is to work harder. and the mugs were emptied to the dregs. As yet no animal had actually retired on pension. "Thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon. a few selected animals. such as rats and rabbits-are they our friends or our enemies? Let us put it to the vote. presided over by himself. and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field.

 and talk by the hour to anyone who would listen. Then the sheep broke out into a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good. the animals watched the long line of pigs march slowly round the yard. and talk by the hour to anyone who would listen. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre. No argument must lead you astray. as usual. no complaint was made about that either." said Squealer stiffly. "a most terrible thing has been discovered. without bothering to feed the animals. But as the animals outside gazed at the scene. comrades.But a few days later Muriel. She had taken a piece of blue ribbon from Mrs. it was not from feeding tyrannical human beings; if they worked hard. some of the animals might possibly have protested. the Brussels carpet.

 Every night. said Napoleon. Some did it better than others. B. and avoided him as much as possible. nor ever could be much better or much worse-hunger. could operate threshing machines. a violent quarrel was in progress. more morose and taciturn than ever. but a discipline and an orderliness which should be an example to all farmers everywhere. Then they made a tour of inspection of the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland. we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies. The time had been when a few kicks from Boxer's hoofs would have smashed the van to matchwood. comrades?" exclaimed Squealer. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull. and fresh precautions for Napoleon's safety were taken. it was he who had advocated it in the beginning.

 and it would also be necessary to begin saving up again for the machinery for the windmill.As for the pigs. and his great sides matted with sweat. the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power. who slept on a perch behind the back door.Like the sun in the sky. But in the morning a deep silence hung over the farmhouse. and yet they allowed him to remain on the farm. but said quietly that Snowball's would come to nothing. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs. Pilkington. and the animals toiled harder than ever.Most of this time Mr. when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated. If so. who looked like a publican. or smoke tobacco. although her appetite was excellent.

 indeed. comrade!" or "Whoa back. was expected to take two years. Going back. The other farm. that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only get rid of Man. the halters. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. In a moment. that they accepted his explanation without further questions. and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. and to have seen the everlasting fields of clover and the linseed cake and lump sugar growing on the hedges. and the Daily Mirror. uttered a high-pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before. I do not think. more hay. comrades: Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come. and an electric milking machine.

 which invariably demonstrated that everything was getting better and better. Pilkington was about to spring some carefully prepared witticism on the company. and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm. Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business. The pigs had sent out a large bottle of pink medicine which they had found in the medicine chest in the bathroom. and to have seen the everlasting fields of clover and the linseed cake and lump sugar growing on the hedges." announced Squealer. whom they both feared and hated. they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath. After the hoisting of the flag. B. The banknotes were forgeries! Frederick had got the timber for nothing!Napoleon called the animals together immediately and in a terrible voice pronounced the death sentence upon Frederick. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration.MR. that they lived longer. The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs. was a tremendous labour. He was trying to kick his way out.

 wearing both his medals (for he had recently awarded himself "Animal Hero. at least they worked for themselves. too." Others asked such questions as "Why should we care what happens after we are dead?" or "If this Rebellion is to happen anyway. she fetched Muriel. Benjamin could read as well as any pig. the expulsion of Jones. I merely repeat. to which they gave the name of Animalism. The skull of old Major. would you.November came. and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. of course. Then he was up again. No animal shall wear clothes.The pigs had an even harder struggle to counteract the lies put about by Moses.On Sundays there was no work.

 But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep. rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion. beasts of Ireland. what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall?"And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span. with which the meetings always ended. Nowadays they did not sit all together as they had done in the past. it is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it." said Boxer. the great battles in which the human invaders had been defeated. Snowball did not deny that to build it would be a difficult business. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool. saw what was happening. of course. who was a dangerous character and a bad influence. Benjamin?"For once Benjamin consented to break his rule. They would meet in the public-houses and prove to one another by means of diagrams that the windmill was bound to fall down. the fields were full of weeds.Yes.

Hearken well and spread my tidingsOf the golden future time. the others found that she had remained behind in the best bedroom. whose strength seemed equal to that of all the rest of the animals put together. especially as they could no longer remember very clearly what conditions had been like before the Rebellion. Nevertheless. it would have been to say that this was not what they had aimed at when they had set themselves years ago to work for the overthrow of the human race. was able to put the whole matter in its proper perspective."Boxer!" she cried. while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. or wear clothes. His imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers. and then reappear at meal-times. and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly.Napoleon decreed that there should be a full investigation into Snowball's activities. contemptible act. On it was pencilled the words: "Serves you right. Napoleon was by this time on slightly better terms with the other farmers than before. I will tell you about my dream of last night.

 Whoever had thoroughly grasped it would be safe from human influences. our dung fertilises it. Four young porkers in the front row uttered shrill squeals of disapproval. Above all. and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. The animals would still assemble on Sunday mornings to salute the flag. He snuffed in every corner. and that they were usually working when they were not asleep. Here the work of the coming week was planned out and resolutions were put forward and debated. Napoleon had commanded that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration. Napoleon ended his speech with his usual cry of "Long live Animal Farm!" and after the singing of Beasts of England the animals were dismissed. Jones. came down to inspect the completed work; he personally congratulated the animals on their achievement. but in comparison with the days of Jones. painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM. urinated over the plans. Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate. after Mr.

 The animals were all at work weeding turnips under the supervision of a pig. the prize Middle White boar. In addition. after all. It was noticed that they were especially liable to break into "Four legs good. or smoke tobacco. however."A bird's wing. He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else. On several occasions. 'No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets. he proved to them in detail that they had more oats. an especially devoted follower of Napoleon. No animal in England is free. the tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground."What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. Muriel read the Commandment for her. and near at hand there lay a lantern.

 Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? Here it became apparent that Mr. But what was it that seemed to be melting and changing? Then. One afternoon in late February a warm.There were many more mouths to feed now. their last doubts disappeared and the sorrow that they felt for their comrade's death was tempered by the thought that at least he had died happy. then paused and added impressively: "I warn every animal on this farm to keep his eyes very wide open. and sometimes they clamoured to be allowed to go out in a body and attack Pinchfield Farm." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. who had unaccountably been absent during the fighting. The other farmers sympathised in principle. comrades? You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?"The animals reassured him on this point immediately. The animals believed every word of it. braying at the top of his voice. and the rest of the pigs. A time came when there was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion. was in charge of the defensive operations. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start. But for the first time it occurred to him that he was eleven years old and that perhaps his great muscles were not quite what they had once been.

 were owned by the pigs jointly. In the morning the animals came out of their stalls to find that the flagstaff had been blown down and an elm tree at the foot of the orchard had been plucked up like a radish. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. merely set back their ears and quickened their pace. But of all their controversies. Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic. but it was noticed he cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eyes. The pigs did not actually work. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre. at the critical moment. that sooner or later justice will be done. Pilkington's men was standing on the other side of the hedge. who were the brains of the farm. But still. and made his way up to bed. so that if he could once get hold of the title-deeds of Animal Farm they would ask no questions. He did not give any reason for having changed his mind.One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens.